involuntary

英 [ɪn'vɒlənt(ə)rɪ] 美[ɪn'vɑləntɛri]

• adj. 无意识的；自然而然的；不知不觉的

1. not subject to the control of the will;

"involuntary manslaughter"

"involuntary servitude"

"an involuntary shudder"

"It (becoming a hero) was involuntary. They sank my boat"- John F.Kennedy

2. controlled by the autonomic nervous system; without conscious control;

"involuntary muscles"

"gave an involuntary start"